Preliminary Programme

The aim of this paper is to analyze social inequality in 19th century Brazil, using nominative lists of inhabitants produced during the 1830 decade. First I use HISCO and HISCLASS as an initial approach to social inequality in a pre-industrial non-European society. Then, I introduce a discussion about the necessity of considering other dimensions of social life to be able to build an accurate system to measure social status and social mobility in colonial and post-colonial societies. I analyze race and social condition (slave, freed and free status) as important categories in Latin American and other Portuguese colonial areas. Another dimension to be considered is the ways the colonial and national bureaucracy built the census categories. In this sense, it is important to understand the uses and misuses of categories like occupation, race and so, considered as crucial dimensions to the social structure and social mobility studies. (Show less)

Occupational category studies within pre-industrial periods experience poor development in productive livestock-oriented economies. Uruguay -before 1860- is a clear exponent of a newly-settled economy, which consists of an exporting economical orientation and a demography that boasts a strong immigratory component. Upon these pillars, the established knowledge postulated the existence of a productive, scarcely diversified, livestock-oriented structure, as well as an occupational structure, polarized in landowners and free wage-earners, both subject to a peculiar economical rationality.

This essay introduces two study cases, focused on rural societies of the first half of the 19th century. They both present different productive orientations, based on the utilization of the HISCO methodology. In one of them, the selfconsuming agriculture, combined with bovine and ovine (in a modest scale) shepherding, predominates. In the other one prevails the grand-scale cattle and sheep shepherding, pooled with a generalized agriculture that lacks proper development. In both cases, the occupational categories relate to productive orientations, the demographical size and structure and the major family forms.

The results show a more diversified occupational structure than the one postulated in traditional and earlier versions. It comes close to various European peasant societies, and is harmonious with the productive, economic and demographic characteristics of each case in matter. (Show less)

The registers corresponding to the Tucumán population (Argentine) during first half of nineteenth century did not rise with the only intention to take account of the inhabitants with express population purpose. Many of them responded to military requirements (to register the amount of masculine population to the aims to recruit soldiers for the army), politicians (election of deputies) or public prosecutors (for the collection of unavoidable loans to resolve the war by independence). In addition, for being a “proto-statistical” stage in the information harvesting, the censual operations were not verified simultaneously, did not take the same data, nor criteria of harvesting and presentation in all the included territories were used such. This diversity of criteria of gathering information in the use of the occupational categories makes difficult the possibilities of comparative studies, as much of the local registries to each other, like between the categories overturned in these registers and the handled ones in other regions of the “Río de la Plata” and of Latin America.
In this frame, the objective of this paper is to adapt the data on obtained occupations of these registers to a classification system that allows to make them comparable with the data collected in other regions and other historical periods. For it the propose codification in HISCO was chosen and the pertinent adaptation of the collected data of partial registers of population (urban and rural) of the province of Tucumán raised in 1812, 1816, 1818 and 1834. (Show less)

Occupational category studies within pre-industrial periods experience poor development in productive livestock-oriented economies. Uruguay -before 1860- is a clear exponent of a newly-settled economy, which consists of an exporting economical orientation and a demography that boasts a strong immigratory component. Upon these pillars, the established knowledge postulated the existence of a productive, scarcely diversified, livestock-oriented structure, as well as an occupational structure, polarized in landowners and free wage-earners, both subject to a peculiar economical rationality.

This essay introduces two study cases, focused on rural societies of the first half of the 19th century. They both present different productive orientations, based on the utilization of the HISCO methodology. In one of them, the selfconsuming agriculture, combined with bovine and ovine (in a modest scale) shepherding, predominates. In the other one prevails the grand-scale cattle and sheep shepherding, pooled with a generalized agriculture that lacks proper development. In both cases, the occupational categories relate to productive orientations, the demographical size and structure and the major family forms.

The results show a more diversified occupational structure than the one postulated in traditional and earlier versions. It comes close to various European peasant societies, and is harmonious with the productive, economic and demographic characteristics of each case in matter. (Show less)

In the presentation problems of creation of Russian version of HISCO are considered. The big attention is given historical sources on the basis of which the professional structure of the population during different historical epoch comes to light. Specificity of a set of trades in the various spheres, caused is analyzed by features of the Russian history. (Show less)