Preliminary Programme

Wed 4 April
    8.30 - 10.30
    11.00 - 13.00
    14.00 - 16.00
    16.30 - 18.30

Thu 5 April
    8.30 - 10.30
    11.00 - 13.00
    14.00 - 16.00
    16.30 - 18.30
    19.00 - 20.15
    20.30 - 22.00

Fri 6 April
    8.30 - 10.30
    11.00 - 13.00
    14.00 - 16.00
    16.30 - 18.30

Sat 7 April
    8.30 - 10.30
    11.00 - 13.00
    14.00 - 16.00
    16.00 - 17.00

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Wednesday 4 April 2018 14.00 - 16.00
C-3 HEA04 Medical Market and Social Status of Health Care Agents in Northern Europe 1600–2000
Senate Room Lanyon Building
Network: Health and Environment Chair: Heini Hakosalo
Organizer: Petteri Impola Discussant: Heini Hakosalo
Sari Aalto : Social Status and the Meaning of University Education in the Modernization Process of Finnish Physicians c. 1880–1970
In the conference paper I discuss the role of the university education and the social background of physicians in the modernization process of medical profession in Finland. The period examined (c. 1880–1970) reveals both continuities and changes in the medical education as well as in the professional culture and social ... (Show more)
In the conference paper I discuss the role of the university education and the social background of physicians in the modernization process of medical profession in Finland. The period examined (c. 1880–1970) reveals both continuities and changes in the medical education as well as in the professional culture and social status of physicians. The professional culture refers to the common norms and values of physicians, especially concerning ethical questions and collegiality. The formation of the common professional culture has been one way to maintain high social status.
At the university and in the professional culture there was a strong autonomous tradition that was based on upper class values and the role of educated class in the society. This tradition encountered the profound changes especially from the end of 1930’s onwards. The creation of Nordic welfare state influenced physicians’ status and both the medical education and the professional culture as a source of this status. In my paper I will introduce the Finnish medical students high socio-economic background in the period. Especially I focus on the university education in socializing the future physicians to the professional culture. I will also examine how the modernization process changed the social status of Finnish physicians in the period. (Show less)

Petteri Impola : Social Status and Background of Cunning Folk and Unofficial Midwives in the Swedish 17th Century Estate Society
In this paper, I examine the backgrounds of cunning folk and unofficial, self-educated midwives, and secondly, the variety of their social statuses and theirs formation in Sweden in the 17th century. My hypothesis is that cunning folk and unofficial midwives came from different social backgrounds and estates, like beggars, vagrants, ... (Show more)
In this paper, I examine the backgrounds of cunning folk and unofficial, self-educated midwives, and secondly, the variety of their social statuses and theirs formation in Sweden in the 17th century. My hypothesis is that cunning folk and unofficial midwives came from different social backgrounds and estates, like beggars, vagrants, peasants, burghers etc., albeit the strict ideals of estate society demanded privileged professions to every estate and theirs members. I argue that the agents practical skills and knowledge about health care and medicine were even more important in the local community than his/hers official status in the hierarchical estate system – or at least the social status was mix of one´s ancestry, estate status and his/hers practical skills. That was reality in early modern period when modern and privileged medicine profession just slowly emerged. All kinds of medical help and helpers were needed and more or less respected. I focus on the unofficial and self-educated cunning folk and midwives, which important role has been often underestimated relative to the academic medicine. For example, in Swedish medical history the officially educated, regulated and hierarchically/estate privileged midwives since the beginning of 18th century have been under examinations, even if the unofficial midwives were majority to the first half of 20th century. All in all this paper enlighten the variety of social status before, during and after unofficial health care agency in the early modern period. (Show less)

Saara-Maija Kontturi : Status of the First Official Physicians in Finland 1750–1850
In this paper I will discuss the formation of the physician profession and its status in Finland from the perspective of social background, state support and patient trust. The first official physicians in Finland were appointed in the middle of the 18th century. The social backgrounds of the physicians varied ... (Show more)
In this paper I will discuss the formation of the physician profession and its status in Finland from the perspective of social background, state support and patient trust. The first official physicians in Finland were appointed in the middle of the 18th century. The social backgrounds of the physicians varied a lot; an access to the profession was, exceptionally at the time, education rather than origin. The profession was protected and regulated by the state early on, but there were not enough physicians to fill all the offices available, which made it impossible to establish an extensive stately health care. Furthermore, the common people had been reluctant to turn towards official medical professionals. The situation changed during the first half of the 19th century: Finland was annexed by Russia, the state promoted the profession’s status, and more physicians were educated and given an office. I will discuss these preconditions for the physicians’ work and profession and the changes they encountered during this period. (Show less)

Teemu Ryymin : The Dynamics of the Medical Marketplace in Norway, c. 1850-2010
This paper traces the dynamic development of the medical marketplace in Norway from the mid-19th century to the last decade. Focusing on the fluid and changing boundaries between the professional medical sector, consisting of authorised professionals of medical care, and the folk sector, consisting of a diverse multitude of unauthorised ... (Show more)
This paper traces the dynamic development of the medical marketplace in Norway from the mid-19th century to the last decade. Focusing on the fluid and changing boundaries between the professional medical sector, consisting of authorised professionals of medical care, and the folk sector, consisting of a diverse multitude of unauthorised suppliers of medical and health care, I delineate four main phases in the development of the medical marketplace: 1) An open medical marketplace in the last half of the 19th century; 2) A phase of difficult coexistence between the professional and the folk sectors, c. 1900-1945; 3) A period of professional dominance c. 1945-1970s; and 4) a more pluralistic marketplace from the 1970s up till 2010s. (Show less)



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