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Wed 24 March
    11.00 - 12.15
    12.30 - 13.45
    14.30 - 15.45
    16.00 - 17.15

Thu 25 March
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    12.30 - 13.45
    14.30 - 15.45
    16.00 - 17.15

Fri 26 March
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    12.30 - 13.45
    14.30 - 15.45
    16.00 - 17.15

Sat 27 March
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    12.30 - 13.45
    14.30 - 15.45
    16.00 - 17.00

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Thursday 25 March 2021 14.30 - 15.45
S-7 ETH19 Jewish Migrations
S
Network: Ethnicity and Migration Chair: Marjolein Schepers
Organizers: - Discussant: Marjolein Schepers
Oleksii Chebotarov : Managing the Point of Passage: State and Non-State Actors Towards Jewish Migrants on the Austro-Russian Borderland in the 1880s
The scholarship about Jewish migrations before 1914 focuses on the period after arrival – on community building, cultural life, and assimilation. These studies overshadowed the issues of the routine movement of millions of migrants and transit migration through different regions. Following migrants across borders undercuts the still dominant focus of ... (Show more)
The scholarship about Jewish migrations before 1914 focuses on the period after arrival – on community building, cultural life, and assimilation. These studies overshadowed the issues of the routine movement of millions of migrants and transit migration through different regions. Following migrants across borders undercuts the still dominant focus of migration historians on the level of policy. My research shows how the transit movement of the Jews from the Russian Empire has turned Galicia (eastern province of Habsburg Empire) into one of the European points of the passage with the developing state and non-state infrastructure of control over migrants, and an elaborating network of illegal migration.

This paper focuses on the meso-level of Jewish migrations by exploring activity and dynamic interaction of different actors of transmigration on the Austro-Russian borderland. The formation of migration regimes in East Central Europe in the 1880s and 1890s was closely connected to the businesses of migration and, in the Jewish case, to the international aid network. The situations on the Austro-Russian borderland represents both parallel and joint activities of state and non-state actors toward Jewish migration.

Apart from governmental documents and decrees, my research relies on the records of local police, border service, local administrations, Jewish aid committees, Galician local Jewish communities, and ego-documents. Network analysis provides a possibility to study the density of connections and centrality of the different actors of the transmigration process. Moreover, my paper looks to the connection of case of the Austro-Russian borderland with macro-level of migration processes and global contexts. (Show less)

Laura Katarina Ekholm : "Jewish" Marriages and Occupational Choices in Sweden and Finland from the Late 19th to the Mid- 20th Century
The history of small minority communities is often written and narrated from the perspective of the ‘spokespersons’ engaged in the cohesion of the community. The aim of this proposed paper is to take an alternative approach to the Jewish history in the Nordic countries by looking at intergenerational family ... (Show more)
The history of small minority communities is often written and narrated from the perspective of the ‘spokespersons’ engaged in the cohesion of the community. The aim of this proposed paper is to take an alternative approach to the Jewish history in the Nordic countries by looking at intergenerational family histories. On the one hand, this approach includes the family members who eventually leave their local Jewish communities either in the home country or by moving abroad. On the other hand, it involves married spouses of interfaith marriages who become part of the community yet were not necessary its formal members. I compare and interlink two genealogical databases: a family chronicle covering Sweden and Norway and a family research data covering one large Jewish family from Finland with links to Denmark.

In the history of migration, marriage pattern is an often used indicator of the level of integration. While the first generation of immigrants often marries from their home region, the second generation tends to marry within the co-ethnic/religious group regardless the place of birth, and the third generation prefers ?mixed marriages?. My proposed paper will, for the first, apply this view to a sample of Jewish families in the West of Sweden and South of Finland. Since the occupational opportunities are seen as one of the key questions of migrating populations, I will, whenever possible, combine my analysis of the occupational choices and entrepreneurship rate of the families.

While the Jewish histories in the Nordic countries are often framed by the histories of the respective nation states, my approach enables a transnational analysis of a small Diaspora from the Jewish lands of Eastern Europe to the Nordic countries. At the same time these Nordic family histories underline discontinuities in what usually is presented as a unique historical continuity of Orthodox Jewish communities that were not destroyed in the Holocaust. The pressure for complete integration was high and it seems to have been due to a new (small!) migration waves, the communities have been able to maintain this incomparable historical continuity. (Show less)

Orly Meron : Banking, Migration and State-building: a Case Study from British Mandated Eretz Israel
The socio-economic integration of Jewish migrants in Israel, especially during the first two decades of the British Mandate pre-state period (1920s – 1930s) presents various case studies, which address financial issues through migrant owned banks. These migrant-owned banks, become private sectorial banks, contributed to the growth of the host country’s ... (Show more)
The socio-economic integration of Jewish migrants in Israel, especially during the first two decades of the British Mandate pre-state period (1920s – 1930s) presents various case studies, which address financial issues through migrant owned banks. These migrant-owned banks, become private sectorial banks, contributed to the growth of the host country’s economy.
The aim of the proposed paper is to present the historical case study of Discount Bank in Israel, established by the Sephardic migrants from Greece in 1936. Based on private archival documents the proposed paper will show how the bank’s migrant entrepreneurs facilitate the accessibility of formal credit sources essential for socio-economic integration of their co-ethnics, and consequently contributing to the host economy’s growth. Raising capital for the bank by issuing shares reveals the networks of the elites that supported the founding of the migrant sectorial bank.
While using qualitative and quantitative methods, this paper would be especially helpful to study the phenomena of banking by migrants, or for migrants, throughout state-building phase. (Show less)

Ayse Humeyra Tuysuz : Istanbul as a Transit City for the Jewish Immigrants (1877-1914)
Protracted and devastating wars and mass migrations of people over the shrinking territories marked the late 19th and early 20th centuries of the Ottoman Empire. In addition to the tens of thousands of Muslim and Jewish refugees generated by the Ottoman-Russian war of 1877-78, various groups of Jews fleeing from ... (Show more)
Protracted and devastating wars and mass migrations of people over the shrinking territories marked the late 19th and early 20th centuries of the Ottoman Empire. In addition to the tens of thousands of Muslim and Jewish refugees generated by the Ottoman-Russian war of 1877-78, various groups of Jews fleeing from pogroms in Russia, and from oppression in Romania passed by or ended up in Ottoman territories. Istanbul accommodated tens of thousands of temporary and permanent refugees fleeing from persecution in ex-Ottoman territories in the Balkans and southern Russia. Istanbul became a transit hub for many refugees of different origins. The influx of refugees to the Ottoman capital influenced the city deeply and caused various changes in the daily life. On the one hand, there was a mess, discontent and chaos on the streets. Population of the city had increased considerably with the arrival of refugees and brought about economic and social problems. On the other hand, the admission, settlement, subsistence and transfer of the refugees was regulated and supervised thoroughly by the government and public organizations. As opposed to the disorder on the street, there was an order on the official front.

This paper focuses on the Jewish immigrants passing by Istanbul between the years 1877-1914. The origins, profiles and motivations of Jewish groups arriving at Istanbul between these time periods will be examined. Ottoman Empire was quite selective when receiving immigrants with Jewish origin. The attitude of the Ottoman administration towards these groups will be addressed. A special attention will be given to the patterns of admission and settlement of them. The role of public and religious organizations, including Alliance Israélite Universelle, and philanthropic groups in the settlement, integration and transfer of the immigrants will be discussed. The extent to which the immigration experiences of Balkan Jews and Russian Jews resemble each other will also be discussed. The abovementioned questions will be dealt with in the light of the issues subjectivity and citizenship. (Show less)



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