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    14.30 - 15.45
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Fri 26 March
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Friday 26 March 2021 14.30 - 15.45
B-11 POL21 The Micro Practices of the Household State
B
Networks: Economic History , Politics, Citizenship, and Nations Chair: Karin Hassan Jansson
Organizers: Karin Hassan Jansson, Nina Koefoed Discussants: -
Joanne Begiato : ”Unwarrantable Partiality”: the Concept and Practice of Favouritism in Families in Eighteenth-century England
Favouritism was recognised as a feature of parenting, deemed almost inevitable given the large size of families and differences between children due to birth order, gender, and personality. Life writings show that parents and children recognised its existence with greater or lesser concern about its implications and repercussions. Yet, favouritism ... (Show more)
Favouritism was recognised as a feature of parenting, deemed almost inevitable given the large size of families and differences between children due to birth order, gender, and personality. Life writings show that parents and children recognised its existence with greater or lesser concern about its implications and repercussions. Yet, favouritism was also understood to be deeply problematic. Published advice for parents condemned it, drawing upon health, religion, and understandings of authority to explain its dangers. According to the author of Moral essays, chiefly collected from different authors (1796), for example, partiality undermined ‘the foundations of domestic happiness,’ causing ‘strife, division, and animosity, [to] usurp the seats of harmony and peace; and where jealousy and hatred are thus early sown, they generally shoot up in a rank and fruitful harvest of guilt and misery’. This paper explores favouritism within the family as a form of ‘soft’ power, a gift bestowed by the powerful and deployed by the favoured to achieve various ends. As the Moral Essays demonstrates, it was expressed and performed through a range of emotions and this paper therefore uses the lens of emotion to establish what favouritism reveals about power in the family and, by situating it within broader discourses of patronage and nepotism, investigates its inter-relationship with the state. (Show less)

Julie Hardwick : Catholic “Internal Missions,” Households, and Youthful Sexuality in a French City
Although historians have often stressed a gendered disciplining of households and female sexuality as a core element of the Catholic Reformation (Strasser, Roper and many others), often as a synergetic project of state formation and religious reformation, evidence of clerical attitudes to out-of-wedlock pregnancy in Lyon suggests a very different ... (Show more)
Although historians have often stressed a gendered disciplining of households and female sexuality as a core element of the Catholic Reformation (Strasser, Roper and many others), often as a synergetic project of state formation and religious reformation, evidence of clerical attitudes to out-of-wedlock pregnancy in Lyon suggests a very different relationship. Reformed monastic orders launched a new initiative of the Catholic Reformation, the so-called "internal missions," from the mid-17th century. Their monks became enormously popular confessors and preachers in Lyon and other French cities. In their interactions with young people, they focused far more on pastoral care than discipline. This paper uses evidence from paternity suits to explore the many ways in which these monks helped young women and men scaffold and mediate solutions to out-of-wedlock pregnancy besides marriage. It argues that the commitment of the internal missions to pastoral care provided young people with a valuable, supportive resource to handle untimely pregnancies in ways that remake our understanding of the Catholic Reformation in this later stage. (Show less)

Nina Koefoed, Karin Hassan Jansson : Micro-level Authority and Social Responsibilities in the Nordic Household States
The early modern states of Denmark and Sweden have been regarded as strong, absolute, military states in the periphery of Europe. They were both founded on Lutheran Protestantism: the authority of Swedish and Danish kings, queens, state servants and household masters were strongly connected to Luther’s teaching on the forth ... (Show more)
The early modern states of Denmark and Sweden have been regarded as strong, absolute, military states in the periphery of Europe. They were both founded on Lutheran Protestantism: the authority of Swedish and Danish kings, queens, state servants and household masters were strongly connected to Luther’s teaching on the forth commandment. The Christian duty of the subordinates was to obey. This ideology of the household has often been regarded as a cornerstone in early modern society. But the superiors had duties as well: they were supposed to govern fairly and with love. This paper explores the ways these ideas and duties were played out and negotiated in Danish and Swedish eighteenth century courts. Even though there were many similarities between Sweden and Denmark, there were also differences. Among other things, noble landowners had more legal power in Denmark than in Sweden and the Danish criminal law was more tightly connected to the Lutheran teachings of the ten commandments than the Swedish law. In this paper, some selected court cases from these countries are studied to compare how the Lutheran doctrines were used by both superiors and subordinates. What similarities and differences can be found in the Danish and the Swedish court praxis? (Show less)

Janay Nugent : Beyond the Patriarchal Household: the Multiple Models of “Holy Households” embraced by the Reformed Kirk of Scotland, c.1560-c.1660.
In 1559-1560, Scottish Parliament adopted the Scots Confession, thereby ensuring that the state would support the reformed Kirk (Church) of Scotland in their bid to convert the entire nation - in heart and mind - to the Calvinist faith. As with most confessional traditions in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, ... (Show more)
In 1559-1560, Scottish Parliament adopted the Scots Confession, thereby ensuring that the state would support the reformed Kirk (Church) of Scotland in their bid to convert the entire nation - in heart and mind - to the Calvinist faith. As with most confessional traditions in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, the family became central to the success of the Reformation movement. As a result, secular and religious authorities reinforced the patriarchal household system to ensure that fathers had the power needed to create the “godly community of Scots” within their household. This was carried out through dichotomous power relationships such as parent/child, male/female, master/servant, and married/unmarried. Records of the local moral church courts, the kirk sessions, are examined in this paper to assess the limitations on patriarchal households in constructing the godly community. At times, mistresses and young people alike were better able to achieve the reformed agenda, such as when masters of households failed to conform to reformed masculinity, when the piety of wives and children surpassed those of the male heads of household, and when wives and children of ministers became the model upon which community members constructed their “holy household.” (Show less)



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