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Thu 13 April
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Fri 14 April
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Thursday 13 April 2023 11.00 - 13.00
R-6 HEA05 Knowledge Circulation among Europe: Strategies to Fight against Poliomyelitis Disease in France, Austria, Italy, Netherlands, and Spain (1950s-1970s)
E45
Network: Health and Environment Chair: Gareth Millward
Organizers: María-Isabel Porras, Marta Velasco-Martín Discussants: -
Maria Teresa Brancaccio, Maria-Isabel Porras & María Victoria Caballero Martínez : Transnational Cooperation and National Dynamics of Vaccine Innovation: the Introduction of the Sabin Vaccine in Italy and Spain
This paper pays particular attention to the influence of transnational scientific collaborations in vaccine innovation and production. Drawing on archival documents, this paper aims to shed light on the role played by transnational cooperation: in particular, research grants provided by the Rockefeller Foundation and other institutions; correspondence between Albert Sabin ... (Show more)
This paper pays particular attention to the influence of transnational scientific collaborations in vaccine innovation and production. Drawing on archival documents, this paper aims to shed light on the role played by transnational cooperation: in particular, research grants provided by the Rockefeller Foundation and other institutions; correspondence between Albert Sabin and Italian and Spanish scientists working in public and private laboratories on the dynamics of vaccine innovation; and public health immunization campaigns in Italy and Spain. (Show less)

Marina Hilber : Scientific Catch-Up on Polio – Austria’s Transnational Cooperations in the Fight against a Severe Health Threat (1945–1965)
After the Second World War and the end of the National Socialist rule, Austria found itself largely isolated from the international field in the area of medical research. This isolation became a health threat to the entire population, especially during the waves of poliomyelitis epidemics after 1945, which seemed to ... (Show more)
After the Second World War and the end of the National Socialist rule, Austria found itself largely isolated from the international field in the area of medical research. This isolation became a health threat to the entire population, especially during the waves of poliomyelitis epidemics after 1945, which seemed to increase in number and intensity. On the one hand, Austria tried to reconnect with the international research field by participating in the International Poliomyelitis Conferences held at regular intervals. It also actively sought scientific exchange with the neighbouring countries of Germany and Switzerland within the framework of science diplomacy. For this purpose, the countries also founded the transnational "Poliomyelitis Cooperation" in the 1950s, which exchanged information at regular intervals on topics related to the epidemiology, therapy and prevention of polio. On the other hand, Austria maintained good contacts across the Iron Curtain and was in active exchange with the Soviet Union, especially in matters of oral polio vaccination. Thus, Austria managed to become the first country in the western world to start a state-organized vaccination campaign in 1961. Based on the files of the Supreme Medical Council and the publications of the medical stakeholders involved, the contribution analyses the transnational cooperation and scientific exchange in the context of poliomyelitis control. (Show less)

María-Isabel Porras, Baptiste Baylac-Paouly : ‘It’s your Congress!’: Relationships between Albert Sabin and the Institut Mérieux concerning the Production of OPV
In 1958, an agreement was signed between the Institut Mérieux of Lyon and the Pasteur Institute of Paris concerning the production of Lépine polio vaccine. The Lyon institute, tired that the agreement was not respected, made an agreement with Albert Sabin to be the first manufacturer in France to produce ... (Show more)
In 1958, an agreement was signed between the Institut Mérieux of Lyon and the Pasteur Institute of Paris concerning the production of Lépine polio vaccine. The Lyon institute, tired that the agreement was not respected, made an agreement with Albert Sabin to be the first manufacturer in France to produce and sell the Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV). In May 1961, an important symposium was organized by the Institut Mérieux in Lyon on the live attenuated poliovirus vaccine. Main European producers and controllers were invited to discuss the characteristics, benefits, issues and ways of using OPV. Sabin in person was the guest of honor of this congress, his congress.
In this communication, we will explore the relations established between Albert Sabin and the Institut Mérieux, especially about the production and distribution of OPV in France. We will see what kind of exchanges circulated between Sabin and Charles Mérieux (director of the institute with the same name), if this partnership was beneficial for the both, and if the relationships between Sabin and the Lyon institute has lasted over time. (Show less)

Marta Velasco-Martín, Lourdes Mariño : The Training Process of the Spanish Scientific Community Dealing with Infantile Infectious Diseases (1920-1975)
This paper, based on archives and oral sources, explores the training process of the scientific community dealing with infectious diseases such as poliomyelitis, before and during the Franco regime, in order to establish differences and similarities. Particular attention is paid to the researchers’ journeys and stays abroad as a source ... (Show more)
This paper, based on archives and oral sources, explores the training process of the scientific community dealing with infectious diseases such as poliomyelitis, before and during the Franco regime, in order to establish differences and similarities. Particular attention is paid to the researchers’ journeys and stays abroad as a source of knowledge and change, insofar as they enabled the exchange of knowledge and the establishment and/or development of relations with other people, as well as the later repercussions on the work this scientific community carried out in the fight against poliomyelitis in Spain. (Show less)



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