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Thursday 13 April 2023 14.00 - 16.00
X-7 LAB21 The Representations of Women at Work in a Transnational Perspective during the Dictatorships in Italy, Portugal, and Brazil
Västra Hamngatan 25 AK2 136 (Z)
Networks: Labour , Women and Gender Chair: Paulo Alves
Organizer: Virginia Baptista Discussant: Jaqueline Zarbato
Virginia Baptista, Paulo Alves : Representations on the Women's Work and Activism in Portugal during the Dictatorship
In Portugal, the period of fascist dictatorship lasted from 1933 to 1974. In 1930, women enrolled in the labour market were 27.4% of the active population and in 1970, 24,1,1%, which demonstrates the invisibility given to women. During this period, female analphabetic rates ranged from 69.9% to 31,1%. Although subjugated ... (Show more)
In Portugal, the period of fascist dictatorship lasted from 1933 to 1974. In 1930, women enrolled in the labour market were 27.4% of the active population and in 1970, 24,1,1%, which demonstrates the invisibility given to women. During this period, female analphabetic rates ranged from 69.9% to 31,1%. Although subjugated to the Civil Code of 1867, which undermined them in patriarchal society, women participated in mutualist associations (social assurances) and in anti-fascist resistance groups. We intend to reflect on the lives of working women and their representations in the sources and to question whether there was consciousness or feeling of belonging to a social class and a subordinate gender among working class women. How did their world survive in a world male-dominated either by the employers and by their colleagues? How have been preserved the memory of these working women and their activism? The images at work and activism allow us to conclude that in the dictatorship in Portugal women of working-classes created their specific world that broke away the ideal of the “male breadwinner” induced by the state and have progressively imposed themselves in the male public space. (Show less)

Elisabetta Girotto : The Factory of Consensus. The Representation of Women in Italian Fascist Cinematographic Propaganda
The research aims to reflect on the representation of women in Fascist film propaganda by analysing the audio-visual documents produced by the Istituto Luce during the Fascist period. The gender perspective will make it possible to trace and make evident the intersections and caesuras that characterised the different phases of ... (Show more)
The research aims to reflect on the representation of women in Fascist film propaganda by analysing the audio-visual documents produced by the Istituto Luce during the Fascist period. The gender perspective will make it possible to trace and make evident the intersections and caesuras that characterised the different phases of film propaganda under the influence of Fascism. If, on the one hand, the analysis and deconstruction of cinematographic languages will allow a wide-ranging reflection on the public and private role of women during the dictatorship, on the other, it will be a useful tool for understanding the gender dynamics that characterised the period under examination. Images artfully constructed of women engaged in different productive sectors mirror a contradictory reality where women represent the link between traditional practices and modernity. The cinematic representation of women in their generational complexity is the image of a dictatorial system that seeks to orchestrate the destinies of its people, to enter the private lives of families - without much success - in order to achieve its project of fascistizing the masses. We will therefore reflect on the keywords that marked the communication strategies of the Italian propagandists, which, as we shall see, were later to inspire other dictatorships, such as the Portuguese and Brazilian ones, which adopted the absolute language of Italian fascism.
On the other hand, the propaganda documents, constructed from above, make it possible to lay the foundations for reconstructing a history of the female universe from below; it is in this perspective that a stratified analysis of the images, languages and narratives of propaganda will make it possible to articulate a reflection on the politicisation and the public role of women. (Show less)

Lucinéia Martins : Women in Struggle under the Brazilian Dictatorial Repression (1964-1985)
The period of the military dictatorship, established in Brazil in 1964 and lasting until 1985, was marked by numerous political, economic, and social events, with intense repression of the movement and struggles of the working classes. Resistance to the Brazilian military dictatorship had the active and protagonist participation of many ... (Show more)
The period of the military dictatorship, established in Brazil in 1964 and lasting until 1985, was marked by numerous political, economic, and social events, with intense repression of the movement and struggles of the working classes. Resistance to the Brazilian military dictatorship had the active and protagonist participation of many women, in different ways. Women participated in the student movement, political parties, social movements, unions and clandestine organizations, guerrilla groups, challenging the role naturalized by patriarchy and capitalism of their domestic place. Until 1962, the Brazilian Civil Code (1916) reserved for women the position of second-class citizens (relatively incapable), in which they needed authorization from their husband or father to work, receive an inheritance. Even so, they already in 1976 were 30% of the workforce employed in Brazil. It is in this context that we will seek to identify the different forms of militant activism of Brazilian working women who challenged not only the patriarchy, but also the Brazilian dictatorial repressive state, fighting and denouncing the exploitation and social, economic, and political oppression they suffered. The present investigation will be carried out through a bibliographic review on the subject, from hemerographic sources and photographic records, publicly available or in personal collection. (Show less)



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